Deceptive Advertising Essay

Advertising is considered one of the most important tools of marketing for attracting customers towards the company and increasing the sale of its products and services. Advertising is done in a number of ways, the most effective being the television and print media. Though the main purpose of advertising is to attract customers and increase the profits of a company through increased sales, it has often been regarded as false and misleading. In today’s world a majority of customers are being wary of advertisements since it contains information which is actually false and misleading. Advertisements often promise certain benefits which the products or services when purchased fail to provide to their customers. Such types of advertisements are increasing on a gradual basis and today every ad is being suspected on this ground. These types of advertisements fall under the category of ‘Deceptive Advertisement’. These sort of advertisements make false claims or misleading statements and give their viewers a false impression which instigates them to try the product. People who most frequently use deceptive advertising are retailers and shopkeepers when they advertise for low-price products available in their shop just to get the customers in the shop but fail to produce them when asked for. There are many forms of advertisement which fall under the category of being deceptive. These include false promises, unsubstantiated claims, incomplete descriptions, false testimonials, partial disclosure or visual distortion of products. Deceptive advertisement includes all those ads which induce a person to make a purchase on the basis of false claims and promises about the price and quality of competitive products. The Federal Trade Commission is responsible for enacting laws against unfair and misleading advertisements and punishing the companies involved in the offense (Yeshin, 2005). Deceptive advertisement is not a new concept, instead it was practiced since the beginning of time and the trend is increasing in the business society with the passing time. This has led advertisement to become an ethics issue since it is sometimes being done unintentionally whereas most of the times the intention is to fool the customer in making the purchase through attractive and misleading advertisements. The customers are made to believe that they are getting some great benefits from the product however; this is not so the case after the purchase has been made. Deceptive advertisement is used for targeting customers of all age groups through intelligent marketing tricks and tactics therefore, people need to be aware. Retailers, airlines, weight loss programs, mobile phone warranties are some of the few companies who use this tactic for gaining sales. Such advertisements are illegal and unlawful in the eyes of law and legal action is taken against such companies even if the ad actually fooled the people or not. The overall impression counts in front of law which if false will create legal problems for the company besides its technical truthfulness (Davis, 1994). Consumers are faced daily with countless ads instigating them to try the product due to which they are unable to differentiate between true and false advertisements. People ponder why companies need to make use of false and misleading tactics to attract the customers since truth can also get them enough customers to make high profits. Often companies produce products which have a very low quality and are not competitive so they won’t demand high prices. For making their product sale in the market as a competitive one, they mark down its price and use eye-catching advertisements which mislead the consumers in making the purchase. This doesn’t mean that every other new company or others existing in the market adopt this strategy. Some of the advertisements are based on true and honest information while some others deceive the customers with false information. Educated customers can often see through such false claims but most of them fail to do so and end up wasting their money on deceptive products and services. According to the Federal Trade Commission, the ad must not always entail a purchase for it to be counted as deceptive; just the presence of misleading information or a false claim can demand an action against the company. The commission has taken action and filed lawsuit against many businesses and companies who have been accused for being a part of deceptive advertising. The consumers on watching such ads or after making the purchase can file a complaint against the company and sue them for damages. The FTC is doing along on its behalf for stopping the fraudulent activity by enacting various laws against deceptive advertising (Stern, 2000). The theory states that there are different models of advertising. There are three types of deceptive advertising that are done mostly (Hameroff, 1988). These are: †¢ Fraudulent Advertising which is also termed as ‘outright lie’ where the ad states a lie clearly about the product which is disclosed when the customer makes the purchase and does not finds the benefit promised. †¢ False advertising includes ‘a claim-fact discrepancy’ where all the conditions for receiving a promotion or a prize are not disclosed beforehand. †¢ Misleading advertising also called ‘claim-belief interaction’ where an ad can make people believe about a claim which is not want the product provides. Deceptive advertising mostly consists of three commonly found elements or in other words the representation, omission or practice of deceptive advertisements will be examined from three sides. Firstly, the representation, omission or practice that will likely mislead the consumer such as giving misleading price claims or misrepresenting a product or services orally or in written. One of the most common forms of deceptive advertising is oral misrepresentation and must taken great care of. The Better Business Bureau once stated that an advertisement can be misleading when seen complete though every single sentence treated separately might be true. Secondly, the representation, omission or practice is examined from the eyes of a reasonable consumer or a particular target group like the youth or elderly. This means that the misrepresentation, omission or practice in the advertisement has been introduced in order to attract a particular group of customers. For example, the weight loss programs target the fat people through false and misleading claims of reducing weight in 15 days etc. Thirdly, the representation, omission or practice must be analyzed from the perspective of being a material one. This means that the misrepresentation is a material one if it influences the consumer decision of buying the product or not. The consumer must have decided for something different if he would have not come across the deceptive advertisement (Richards, 1990). Furthermore, internet also falls under the category of deceptive advertisement since most of the websites often collect the personal information of the user without his or her consent. Deception through internet is mostly related to the privacy issues. Some examples of companies who have been cited for deceptive advertising include United Weight Control, Nutri-System, Inc. , The Diet Center, Physician Weight Loss Clinic, Weight Watchers International, Inc. , and Jenny Craig. Action was taken against these companies and they were made to modify their advertising and marketing practices. Not only are these companies held liable for deceptive advertising but also the advertising agencies who participated in designing the advertisement. All others who participated in the creation of deceptive ad are held liable by the law especially the advertising agencies that knew about the deceptive element in the ad but failed to substantiate the claims. Sometimes the producers are also held liable since they know about the true traits of a product and by not raising a voice against the ad means that they are backing the claim. The liable companies are subject to penalties by the law which may be stopping the ad immediately, paying for damages to the customers, correcting the ad or even requiring the company to leave the industry or banning it for a certain time period in extreme cases of deception. Besides Federal Trade Commission, Better Business Bureau and National Advertising Review Council has been also given the responsibility of monitoring the truth in advertisements. Moreover, competitors can be the greatest and most important source for detecting deceptive advertisements in their industry since they serve as watchdogs on their competitors marketing practices. The competitors can sue the company involved in the deceptive advertisement in order to gain market advantages. The customers too can file a complaint against the deceptive ads with the above mentioned organizations who will investigate the accusation (Garza, 2000). A question that comes to our mind is that is there anything which helps in identifying boundary between truth and deception in advertisements. When we see a number of advertisements daily flashing in front of our eyes, it is very difficult for us to pierce through the flash and identify the element of deception in them. This influences us to buy the product and to ultimately find that the benefit promised is not attained or that we have paid much more than what we got. However, if advertisements are watched carefully then consumers can keep an eye out for deception constantly. One should know of the many ways in which advertisers can trick the customers in buying the product they want us to buy. Advertisers usually incorporate into their ads the feelings, reactions and responses of customers which they obtained through tests and surveys in creating advertisements. They use these to trick the customers by including in their advertisements those claims which consumers want the most. There are several things which customers can look for while identifying a boundary between truth and deception in advertisements (Stern, 2000).

Television Viewing Habits of Youngsters in India

INTRODUCTION: The latter part of the 20th century is known as the â€Å"Electronic age’’. It is estimated that 97%of the homes have atleast one television set. Children who come from homes without television are likely to view programs in schools, at friends house and in stores. Almost every youngster is exposed to television. Television has had a tremendous impact on the lives of the youngsters as it provides them with entertainment, information as and companionship. One of our television actors has said ‘that shows for youngsters are limited because there are not many takers for these programs . nd family oriented soaps are getting more TRPs. He says that he himself being a youngster prefers to watch shows like friends, music based reality shows, films, etc. and not family oriented soaps. When youngsters watch television with their parents their choice always differs. Because youngsters prefer to watch channels like Mtv, Channel V and more of reality and entert ainment show. While parents usually watch daily soaps and news, which most of the youngsters do not prefer to watch. There is hardly anything left for the youngsters to watch today because nowadays many daily soaps have been increasing. But there are a couple of channels catering to young audiences between the age group of 18-25 years. SURVEY ANALYSIS: The survey which was conducted to find out the television viewing habits among the youth gave us a lot of information as to what exactly the youngsters prefer to watch on television. And what changes they would like to have on television in future. Mostly all the youngsters watch reality shows. Like roadies stunt mania Khatro Ke Khiladi, Indian idol, Big Boss, Dance Reality shows, etc. Many of them watch shows on Sab Tv like Tarak Mehta ka Oolta Cashma , Comedy circus ,etc. They say that these shows give them entertainment and refreshment from studies. Some of them also watch Star Movies, HBO , and other movie channels. A few of them watch discovery, travel and living ,cookery shows ,programmes on NDTV Goodtimes ,and different news channels which give them a lot of information about the outside world . A very few youngsters watch daily soaps. A large no of youngsters yet watch cartoon because it entertains them. And cartoons help them to forget their problems for a little while. Many of them want changes in television in the future; mostly all of them are against the daily soaps on Colours, star plus and Zee Tv. They say that such daily soaps have a bad impact on people. And it can really spoil the children if they watch this entire daily. They expect more of those programmes which give them information which is real and which can help them in their life. Unlike the daily soaps which are fake and they show things which can never happen in our daily lives. IMPACT OF TV VIEWING HABITS OF YOUNGSTERS ON BEHAVIOR NDTV and Aaj Tak: The youngsters watch different channels on television to get knowledge from all the different fields. But they watch more of reality based programmes ,on channels like mtv ,channelv, zoom, bindas, etc. The news channels are usually preferred by senior citizens. but even the youngsters watch news channels. The main news channels are Aaj Tak and NDTV. They watch news channels to be aware of the happenings in our and other countries. But t he very less youngsters watch news. * Cartoon Network: Some of them also watch cartoons. But mainly children watch it. But sometimes for refreshment or entertainment many youngsters prefer to watch cartoons. The most demanded cartoon which is watched by all the ages is Jom &Jerry. There are many cartoons which can have a bad effect on the youngsters as well as the children, which should be banned. * ESPN: Almost all the youngsters like sports. And many of them only watch sports channel. The most demanded sports channel is ESPN. T his channel shows all the different types of sports. Many of the youths have a lot of interest in different sports. There are many other sports channels like neo sport, D. D sports, etc. * MTV and UTV Bindaas: Mtv and Bindas are the channels which are demanded by all the youngsters. These channels show programs which are highly demanded by today’s youth. These channels show reality shows, reality dance shows. singing shows, MTV shows the most demanded program ROADIES and SPLITSVILLA. These shows give entertainment that’s why mostly all the youths watch it. They also show different types of music and songs. The other channels which are demanded by the youths are Channel V, VH1, ZOOM, B4U, etc. Colors and Star Plus: Star Plus and Colors are the channels which show all the daily soaps, which is mostly watched by the middle aged people. The youth does not prefer to watch such channels which do not give them any entertainment. But there are some youngsters who watch these daily soaps. But most of them find these channels and these programs boring. * Doordarshan: D. D (doordarshan) is one of the oldest channels. None of the youths watch this channel or the programs in it. It is only preferred by the old people. * SAB TV: Sab TV is a channel which is demanded by all the age groups. It mainly contains programs which are entertaining unlike the daily soaps. They have all comedy serials which is preferred by everyone. Even large no of youths watch this channel. CONCLUSION: Thus we can conclude that the overall survey has helped us to know what exactly the young generation prefers to watch on television. And also the changes they expect in the near future. It has also helped us to know their views about different shows on television. This survey has really helped us to know the television viewing habits among the youngsters.

Study case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Study case - Essay Example This paper aims to demonstrate full knowledge of management and impact of human resource policies and it’s anent options within the context of Servo Engineering Company’s HR management. Researcher also aims to present evidences of human resource management to reach rational conclusion and recommendations. In so doing, the researcher will answer questions pertaining to theory of ‘self-managed’ or semi-autonomous teams in manufacturing applied to Servo Engineering. What changes might be made in the organisation of work that might improve labour productivity? Servo Engineering was established in 1897 and within a half century, the company became a leader in the manufacturing of vehicle components. In the late 1970s, the company was able to develop its subsidiary company dubbed as the American Ensign (Bratton & Gold, 2007, p. 487). The multinational company expanded its manufacturing plants in United Kingdom, United States of America (USA), and Germany. Attune to technological advancement, the company also commenced production machinery driven and controlled by information technology. To undertake the organization’s operations, the production department were organized into six ‘self-managed teams’ (SMT), with 12 and 50 workers that are working in three shifts and are believed to be product-centred and are respectably operating as a miniature within a larger factory (Bratton & Gold, 2007, p. 487). Each of the team is endowed with sufficient machinery to complete the stages of manufacturing products. Those that are not d elegated as tasks of SMT are subcontracted from outsourced services (Bratton & Gold, 2007, p. 487). Tasks were divided into the team with SMT supervisor doing the managerial functions. A product-coordinator is also tasked to ensure the supply of raw materials and the production of demanded number of targeted produce while the charge-hand monitors the progress of their performances (Bratton & Gold, 2007, p. 487). Other employees, which

Managing Financial Resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managing Financial Resources - Essay Example Proper accounting supports company officials while they make these decisions, showing them whether or not an investment will be practical, and if the company can afford it. Ethical and professional accounting forms a clear financial image of a business, and allows managers to make informed decisions, keeps investors abreast of developments in the business, and keeps the business profitable. The business performance of a company can be monitored and analysed with the use of accounting ratios. The ratios are used to interpret financial information about the company. The results can be compared with past results or with industry standards to gauge the company's overall performance. The quantitative results for this segment can be found in the Appendices section of this report. Company A's Current Ratio is 1.17, while Company B has 1.03 and Company C resulted in 2.5. This means that all three companies are still able to generate enough cash to settle its short-term liabilities. As a guide, a current ratio of 2 is ideal. For Company C, its result is higher than the ideal guideline and this suggests that Company C may have resources lying idle, for instance, the untimely collection of its receivables. A better ratio to consider when looking at the liquidity of the companies would be the Liquidity Ratio. This ratio does not take into account the companies' stocks, which can be difficult to value and which can be obsolete. Debt-Equity Ratio This assesses the financial risk of a company. A high gearing ratio poses risks if a company is unable to meet its financial obligations as this can very well lead to bankruptcy. Therefore, it is important that this is constantly monitored. Debt-Equity Ratio = Total Long Term Debt / Total Equity The Gearing Ratios for all Companies A, B and C are quite low at 9.2%, 8.1% and 15.4% respectively and the results should not cause an alarm. However, it is good to note that the companies should have a balanced mix of equity and debt to finance its operations. Return on Asset There are several ratios available that can measure the ability of a company to generate profits from its sales. These include Gross Profit Margin, Return on Assets and Return on Equity. A good profit margin is essential in any form of business to ensure there is always enough cash to run its operations. Thus, it is also important that receivables are collected on a timely basis. Return on Asset is a type of profitability ratio and measures the level of profit compared to the value of net assets invested in your business. Return on Assets = Net Income / Total Assets The profitability of all three companies is sound. The Return on Assets are 1.7%, 1.3% and 3.3% for Companies A, B and C respectively. It can be seen that Company C generates the highest return on its assets, whereas Companies A and B are

Positioning and differentiation strategies Essay

Positioning and differentiation strategies - Essay Example Positioning strategy is influenced by the attributes, the types of the consumers who are involved in this process, application and the object attributes. Differentiation strategy is concerned with developing the unique products and services for different types of customers. Differentiation strategy is considered as one among the three generic marketing strategies. Mayo Clinic has been established for offering the best available services to its patient through the integrated clinical practice and the education and research. For developing the reputation of the clinic it has focused on the positioning strategy. Mayo Clinic in order to attract more of its customers or patient has concentrated on the needs and the requirements of the patients and it has also developed the level of commitment of its staff. In terms of the cost, Mayo clinic have engaged lot of engineers in there clinic who are constantly engaged in improving the efficiency of the science and technology. The clinic has a training centre that guides or assists the staff in the use or the application of the technology for removing or decreasing the waste and therefore it has taken various initiative that will result in the better or suitable outcome that will be safe for the patients and therefore it has focused on providing the better services at a affordable and reasonable cost that will increase the value of the clinic. Mayo clinic has positioned itself as a diagnostic centre. The positioning is considered as an important strategy for developing and increasing the customer base and also the brand equity. The positioning strategies of Mayo clinic is mainly focusing on driving the growth , achieving the goals and the objectives defining the brand, improving the services and understanding the patient and offering the best available services to its patients. Since there are different positioning strategies adopted by

Explore how sexuality has changed over the past 100 years Essay

Explore how sexuality has changed over the past 100 years - Essay Example Explore how sexuality has changed over the past 100 years Sexuality and the ways in which sex creates both pleasure and results in procreation has been revolutionized in the last one hundred years. In the early 20th century the concept of reproduction was being examined through the ideas of eugenics. This area of research was somewhat based on the developments by Charles Darwin about the idea of selection as a method for putting the best traits together in order to support increases in the ‘quality’ of human beings being born. The problem that emerged with the concept of eugenics is that anyone that was considered undesirable was also then deemed unfit to procreate. This included the different races, prostitutes, those with developmental difficulties, and even the Romani who were considered to be innately born as thieves and miscreants (Sinclair, 2007). Along with the concept of eugenics began a movement within the women’s rights movements that were emerging at the time which suggested that women should have the right to choose desirably traited men in order to procreate with them. The emergence of a call for equality began to suggest that the power to create life should accompany the ability to make choices concerning desirable mates. Where patriarchal frameworks of gender control had held onto the power to determine procreation up to this time, the beginning and progression of the women’s movement changed not only gender relations but began to change the nature of sexuality and procreation dynamics. In the 1960s as the women’s movement raged forward, creating a deep shift in the gender dynamics and prescribed roles, William Masters and Virginia Johnson were doing some of the most daring and controversial research on the subject of sexuality. Through direct observation of sexual partners they began to study how the physicality of sexual experience occurred. During these 10,000 observations of sexual experiences through volunteers from the academic community, they watched for the sign s of arousal and continued to record observations about how bodies functioned during sexual arousal and release through a variety of different sexual situations. This significantly impacted the way in which sexuality was viewed through the development of anecdotal research as well as measurements from different devices (Crooks & Baur, 2011). 2. Explore how technology has and is changing the world of conception, pregnancy, and parenthood. The science of having babies has dramatically changed the concept of procreation as human beings have been able to take some control over conception. Although there is still a great deal of mystery involved in how and when conception occurs, science has been able to replicate much of what it takes to get pregnant so that women who would have remained barren have the opportunity to have children. In addition, the ability to use surrogates and to influence the hormonal production has provided for further opportunities for women to have children, even when they might not be the one to carry the child. Science has also changed the control that a woman has over when she gets pregnant. Through understanding how children are conceived, science has been able to influence the female body so that some control over child-bearing can be achieved. Contraception has a number of different methods through which women can protect themselves from unwanted pregnancy

Film Pitch Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Film Pitch - Essay Example Australian Aborigines migrated from somewhere in Asia at least 30,000 years ago. Though they comprise 500–600 distinct groups, aboriginal people possess some unifying links. Among these are strong spiritual beliefs that tie them to the land such as a tribal culture of storytelling and art and like other indigenous populations, a difficult colonial history. (infoplease.com ). Aboriginal people are the Indigenous people of Australia. â€Å"Aboriginal people, their traditional cultures and lands lie on the mainland and most of the islands, including Tasmania, Fraser Island, Palm Island, Mornington Island, Groote Eylandt, Bathrust and Melville Islands.† (ikkeweer.net ) The story will be set on the indigenous land with a tribe that is currently functioning with the old belief systems. The story will follow a family in this tribe and the different functions which they have to move through to stay on the land. The story will show how the family survives, what the traditions an d rituals are and how the indigenous family has preserved the culture through time. It will then switch to showing the modern world and how the tribes either fit into or are marginalized out of mainstream society. The film will provide insights into the indigenous tribes functioning in mainstream society, combined with interviews of the majority population and what is known about the Aborigines. The setting will begin in Queensland with the focus on the Guugu Yimithirr. The focus on this tribe shows the movement into colonization because they were taken over in 1770 by James Cook and were expected to integrate into society. The ending will show the state of this group now and how the indigenous peoples have remained in the outback and outside of society. Cast and Key Crew: Since this is a documentary, the cast and key crew will be determined while filming. An anonymous family will be chosen for the shooting, specifically to show the highlights of their lives and what occurs in terms of culture, ritual and daily living. An anonymous group of people in Queensland will also be found to show the ideals of the indigenous. A narrator will be used for the historical details of the indigenous before James Cook and to show the realistic ideal of what happened to this specific tribe in 1770. Rationale for Making: The culture of Australia is one which is rich and diverse in many who have migrated to Australia, as well as others who have been on the land for centuries. This has led to marginalized groups that are often overlooked with the melting pot of Australia. Little attention is given not only to the minority groups and the way in which they function within society. There is also little to no examination of the history of Australia and the roots where it has come from. This particular documentary will display the changes which have occurred in society and will allow every Australian to reexamine their heritage, culture and nationalistic identity. More important, ther e will be a distinguished understanding of what happened in colonialization and to the present time to change the indigenous tribes of the land from a majority population and into one that is known to stay in the outback and live as a minority and marginalized group (May, 1994). Not only is this particular aspect important to examine for Australians, but it will also tap into a voice that is now rising in Australia. This will help to support what many are thinking within society, specifically which is

Communication Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Communication - Research Paper Example I was with my friends, and sometimes it was awkward getting up out of the raised barstool chairs with backs in order to meet and greet people who were coming and leaving the bar and grill. For the most part, people at my table did not violate other peoples' personal space. Everyone was pretty respectful. I cannot necessarily say the same for the people sitting at the bar. When I glanced over at the bar occasionally, people were leaning on the top of the bar and having their arms folded, or they had their arms pointing the direction of other customers. I'm sure it was a cozy atmosphere for many of those folks, and friendly too, I'm just not sure everyone at the bar had the equal amount of elbow room that is nice to have when one is sitting around the tabletop of a bar. One has to kind of edge in, sit on a barstool, and make oneself comfortable. Peoples' appearances were rather varied and interesting. Some people were dressed up. Some men wore a tie, but for the most part there were no men wearing suits. All the men seemed to be dressed casually but in nice polo shirts. The women for the most part dressed nicely as well, some more than others. Not many women had excessive jewelry or accessories. Some women didn't wear any jewelry at all, which I found quite surprising, because usually on the whole, women wear jewelry of some type. One woman who was a singer in the show had her hair professionally done and wore a modicum of jewelry but nothing too extreme. Another singer in a band which performed, who also was a woman, had absolutely no jewelry on. I thought the woman with the jewelry was prettier and had more substance as an artist than the woman without any decorative ornamentation at all. The woman who wore jewelry looked like she took care of herself better. Her nails were painted and nicely manicured as well. Overall, peoples' appearances were clean-cut but not professional in any sense of the word, except for one woman I did notice who was wearing a dress. Other than that, both men and women wore casual clothing and nothing extremely fancy or overdone. Peoples' communication, both verbal and non-verbal, was congruent for the most part. The people producing the show at the bar and grill were very nervous, looking at the crowd quite a bit and analyzing how many people were at the venue. They had promoted this event (mainly for the sake of their own band being filmed by ABC later on in the evening), and the people who put on the show were worried that they weren't going to get enough of a crowd in to see the artists/musicians play. For the most part, peoples' body language and what they didn't say was very telling. Few people avoided eye contact, which is a non-verbal behavior which people do when they are lying.1 I could tell some people were nervous or bored by the way we were holding conversation. Some people were just nervous to be in social settings, and other people were trying to act interested in making conversation

Assigment 3 and 4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Assigment 3 and 4 - Assignment Example The high demand for the free goods affects the demand that the markets are able to supply. Non payers are not able to be prohibited in using the goods. Market failures are common in provision of public goods. When there is no payment of goods, revenues are not earned from the goods that are produced hence the market is not able to produce more. Government distortion is common in production of public goods through production subsidizing and protection of intellectual property inadequately (Hubbard and Anthony, 51). When the interference occurs, the market is not able to earn revenues and profits from the goods produced. This leads to market failure. Government intervention leads to protection of goods in a market and other firms are not able to enter easily into the markets. 5. Free rider problem occurs when a consumer is in a position of enjoying a good or service without paying for it. Marketers providing public goods have successfully used a number of techniques to encourage those who use the products to contribute to them (Hubbard and Anthony, 67). In the techniques used, they give contributors private goods, arrange matching contribution for them and appeal to the sense of civil and moral responsibility. Solutions are as follows: Common in public and beautiful sceneries those citizens are ready to access through payments. Limiting entrance for such areas may make them private. This is common in sectors that are on high demand in an economy in general. Citizens are beneficiaries of services from the government such as defense. They pay for this indirectly through taxation. Though some taxpayers complain, this remains one of the best ways of making the economy of a country flow steadily. 6. Poverty trap is a mechanism that forces people to remain below the poverty line. It is common in under-developed and developing countries (Hubbard and Anthony, 83). The main causes of the poverty trap are inadequate credit to citizens and

Personal statement for graduate admission Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal statement for graduate admission - Essay Example This degree program helped me come to terms with the different nuances of Information Technology and allowed me to get acquainted with the web and database quarters. I have been working in different capacities since 2006 which has only made me feel apt with how I have viewed my professional domains and what I expect from life in general. My hard work, I believe, is the key which has given me immense confidence at the end of the day. This is the reason why I have always longed for something interesting and exciting coming my way, asking me to give my best and concentrate wholly and solely towards the task at hand. The new technologies and developments have made me feel aligned towards what I plan to do in my educational quarters. This is the reason why I have chosen the Information Technology field because it excites a person time and again, and gives him the room to shape up his learning tenets as and when required. I have experienced that being at the top of one’s professional domains eventually helps the individual to grow beyond a certain level, and this is exactly what has transformed my life in a number of different ways. My technical skills are aptly driven to achieve results which are not only strategically designed but also aimed at harnessing the skills that I have attained with the passage of time over the years. Since I have gained much insight into how Oracle 10g, Java language, PHP, MS SQL Server and other applications and software are run, I feel that I have turned a leaf within my professional acumen. This is the reason why I find myself head and shoulders above the rest, as this has assisted me in growing and developing my own self over a period of time. In the end, I would request the authorities at the helm of affairs to consider my case for graduate admission because I opine that I am the best fit. My aim is to give the very best and this can only be

My Drum Major Instinct Essay Example for Free

My Drum Major Instinct Essay Stalking is a very serious matter, despite society’s tendency to trivialize the experiences of many female victims. There have been numerous overlooked cases in which female victims have been stalked for various amounts of times and taken action to have the stalker removed, just to have him/her eventually come back up in some sort of manner. Many top box office hits have the clichà © plot of the stalker who murders the girl, but people don’t realize that stalking is a real problem many actually face. There have been quite a few of these incidents, maybe not resulting in murder, but still uncomfortable for women to deal with, close to my community. Just recently in Hamilton, Ohio, a sexual predator was arrested for counts of stalking teen girls by driving by their homes multiple times, texting them up to 80 times per day, and watching them exit school. This is why I want to take the initiative to be a drum major for peace, justice, and righteousness for women in surrounding communities who are dealing with unwanted contact or stalking. To be a drum major is to be a leader. Leaders take the time to go out of their way and stand up for what they believe in. Leaders take the initiative and set the standard for people to follow. To be a drum major for women, the first task is awareness. Anyone trying to get a point across must first make people aware of the problem and their cause for reaching out. The problem is that many women find themselves being stalked, file restraining orders, and still don’t get the justice they are searching for. Some women even change their whole identity to hide from their stalker in fear of getting hurt. To make people aware of this, one must take the initiative reach out to the common people. This might include going to churches, local meetings, or even starting my own organization to make people aware of the problem. The second thing I must do is writing and actually acting upon the problem. I must write to local officials, to state officials, and finally to the nation’s Congress. If I write letters to each of these, my point will be made. It would help to have other people on my bandwagon to help write, or maybe even sign petitions. That is where more awareness and reaching out come in. Once I get enough people to realize the problem is serious and that they could help save millions of women’s lives, then I would consider myself a leader in my cause. The final thing I must do to further my cause is to keep on with it. In order to be a drum major for peace, justice, and righteousness in my community for women, I must stick with my intentions and keep my values strong so that hopefully one day laws will be changed and justice will be served.

Investigating the effect of different liquid densities on the time taken to release 25 ml of alcohols Essay Example for Free

Investigating the effect of different liquid densities on the time taken to release 25 ml of alcohols Essay * Research question: * Does the change in liquid densities at the same temperature affect the time taken to release 25 ml of the alcohol from a 50 ml burette? * Variables: * Independent variable: The liquid density / g ml-1. * Dependent variable: The time taken to release 25 ml of the alcohol from a burette / s. * Controlled variables: * The volume of alcohol in a burette / ml. * The temperature of the alcohols / oC. * The absence of unnecessary substances or ions. * The same burette for the entire experiment. * Prediction: * The time taken to release 25 ml of the alcohol from a 50 ml burette is, stated by F. Weinberg (1984) [1], dependent on flow velocity and in particular are very sensitive to small changes in the density difference between the two liquids. * My prediction is, the higher the liquid density is, the more time taken for 25 ml of the alcohol to be released from the burette. The time taken to release 25 ml of alcohol increases in order: Methanol, Ethanol, Propan-1-ol, Butan-1-ol and Octan-1-ol. * Method: * Apparatus: * 50 ml burette (Uncertainty: à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.500 ml). * Retort stand. * 125 ml ethanol C2H5OH 95.0%. * 125 ml methanol CH3OH 99.5%. * 125 ml propan-1-ol CH3(CH2)2OH 98%. * 125 ml butan-1-ol CH3(CH2)3OH 99%. * 125 ml octan-1-ol CH3(CH2)7OH 94%. * Thermometer (Uncertainty: à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.0500 oC). * 5 x funnels. * 50 ml conical flask. * Casio stop watch (Uncertainty: à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.0100 seconds). * Distilled water. * Risk assessment: * The procedure uses poisonous alcohols. Notably, suggested by Department of Chemistry Imperial College London (2006) [2], less than 2 teaspoons (2 ml) of methanol can cause blindness, and 2 table spoons (30 ml) can cause death. This toxicity is mainly due to it being converted in the body to formic acid and formaldehyde, which first attack the cells in the retina, then the other vital organs. Plus, propan-1-ol is used as a common solvent and cleaning agent in chemistry laboratories. Also, because it evaporates rapidly, IPA is widely used in astringents to cool the skin and constrict surface blood vessels. * Goggles and lab coat are therefore needed to be worn throughout the experiment. * Procedures: 1. Close the tap and run some distilled water into the top of the burette, then swish the burette up and down to let the water clean all the inside of the burette. Open the tap, let the water drain out. 2. Attach the burette to the retort stand and take care that the burette is upright and stable. 3. Close the tap and use the funnel to put 25 ml of ethanol into the burette. 4. Remove the funnel, make sure that there is no air bubble inside the burette. Measure the temperature of ethanol by the thermometer. 5. Put the conical flask under the burette, adjust the height of the burette so that the tip of the burette is just above the lip of the conical flask. 6. Open the tap and immediately start the stop watch. 7. Stop the watch when 25 ml of ethanol is fully released from the burette. 8. Continue to open the tap and collect the remained ethanol in the burette. 9. Repeat step 1 to 8 four more times. 10. Then change ethanol with methanol, propan-1-ol, butan-1-ol and octan-1-ol. Experiment step 1 9 with each alcohol. * Range and repetitions of experiment: * There are 5 different ranges (The lowest value: 0.789 g ml-1 the highest value: 0.826 g ml-1, Please refer to Data Collection and Processing - Processed data). * The initial procedure is repeated 5 times and thus 25 results are recorded. * Control of variables: * The volume of each alcohol sample remains constant for every test at 25 ml. Different volumes of the alcohol sample may cause inaccuracies in terms of measuring the time taken to release. For instance, larger volume of the same alcohol sample certainly takes longer time to be released. * The temperature of each alcohol sample need to remain constant for every test at 20 oC (293 K). The analysis, written by Weirauch, D. A., Jr. (1998, December) [3], of the high-temperature spreading kinetics for liquids affecting density shows that they can be modified with a constant shift factor. Therefore, higher temperature of the same alcohol sample may reduce the time taken for the alcohol to be released. * The burettes and funnels are rinsed carefully with distilled water prior to the experiment to ensure that inside the burettes do not contain any unnecessary substances/ions. If present, they may react with the alcohols to form products which have different liquid density, as opposed to original liquid densities of the alcohols at 20 oC (293 K). * The same burette is used for every measurement. This is because burettes from the same manufacturer cannot be guaranteed to have the same radius of the tips (possessing relatively small values). The use of different burettes can result differences in the time taken for the alcohol to be released. DATA COLLECTION AND PROCESSING * Raw data table: Alcohols Dependent independent variables Ethanol Methanol Propan-1-ol Butan-1-ol Octan-1-ol Liquid density / g ml-1 at 20 oC (293 K) [4] 0.789 0.791 0.804 0.810 0.826 1st repetition: Time taken to release 25 ml of alcohol from a burette / seconds à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.0100 39.0 43.0 67.0 82.0 112 2nd repetition: Time taken / seconds à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.0100 41.0 44.0 69.0 81.0 115 3rd repetition: Time taken / seconds à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.0100 38.0 46.0 70.0 83.0 111 4th repetition: Time taken / seconds à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.0100 39.0 42.0 71.0 80.0 114 5th repetition: Time taken / seconds à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.0100 40.0 45.0 70.0 79.0 110. Table 2.1 shows the collected raw data table. * Processed data: * Calculating the mean time taken to release 25 ml of alcohol from a burette: * Mean time taken / s = (1st + 2nd + 3rd + 4th + 5th trial data) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 5. Alcohols Dependent independent variables Ethanol Methanol Propan-1-ol Butan-1-ol Octan-1-ol Liquid density / g ml-1 at 20 oC (293K). 0.789 0.791 0.804 0.810 0.826 The mean time taken to release 25 ml of alcohol from a burette / à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.0100 seconds 39.4 44.0 69.4 81.0 112 Table 2.2 shows the processed mean time taken to release 25 ml of alcohol from a burette. * Presentation of processed data: Graph 2.1 shows the relationship between the liquid density and the mean time taken to release 25 ml of each alcohol from a burette. * Treatment of uncertainties: * I try to read off carefully volume of the burette from the bottom of the meniscus with my eye level at the meniscus in order to make sure that the volume of each alcohol sample used is only 25 ml. CONCLUSION AND EVALUATION * Graph analysis: * According to the presented graph of the mean time taken to release 25 ml of different alcohols, there is a very strong positive correlation between the liquid density and the mean time taken to release 25 ml of alcohol from a burette as a very good line of best fit can be observed. (Please refer to Data Collection and Processing - Presentation of processed data - Image 2.1). * Conclusion: * The results demonstrate that, the higher the liquid density is, the longer time taken for 25 ml of the alcohol to be released from the burette. * The conclusion totally agrees with my hypothesis. * Evaluation of procedures: * Strengths: * Safety in the laboratory is highly maintained (by wearing goggles, lab coat and being careful with glass apparatus to avoid any poisonous alcohols that may splash). * Standard ranges and repetitions are met, a very strong positive correlation between the liquid density and the mean time taken to release 25 ml of alcohol from a burette is observed. * Quantitative investigation, with repeats strongly supporting each other, successfully proves that the expectations based on scientific knowledge are totally correct. * Weaknesses: * Several inevitable uncertainties occur throughout the whole experiment which may account for inaccuracies in the collected data. * The concentrations of the alcohols vary from 94.0 % to 99.5 %. The differences in concentration of each alcohol affect the reliability of the data, since 25 ml of pure alcohols (or 5 alcohols with the same concentration) may take different time to be released from the burette. * Although there is a very strong positive correlation between the liquid density and the mean time taken to release 25 ml of alcohol from a burette, the independent variables (liquid density) do not increase constantly due to the limited number of available alcohols (Please refer to Data Collection and Processing - Presentation of processed data - Image 2.1). * The entire procedures, although are simple, take a long time to finish because of the 50 ml burette need to take at least 3 times to add 5 alcohol samples (5 repetitions for each alcohol), 25 ml each. Overall there are 15 times to add 25 alcohol samples since I decide to investigate 5 different alcohols. The more time I need to add more alcohols into the burette, the more likely inaccuracies to occur. * Improving the investigation: * The procedures can be partially replaced by computer data logging suggested by Laurence Rogers (1995) [5] to prevent uncertainties from human errors when stopping the watch. The experiment can be programmed to collect the data (Time taken for 25 ml of the alcohol to be released from the burette) automatically. * More alcohols with liquid densities within the ranges (The lowest value: 0.789 g ml-1 the highest value: 0.826 g ml-1) can be tested to fill the 2 gaps between methanol and propan-1-ol, butan-1-ol and octan-1-ol in the presented graph. For instance, penta-1-ol has the liquid density of 0.815 g ml-1 at 20 oC (293 K) [6]. * Pure alcohols should be bought in the same concentration to ensure the reliability of the collected data. Otherwise, diluting the alcohols to the same concentration can be less expensive, yet time consuming. * A larger burette, for instance, with measuring volume of 75 ml (only 2 times to add 5 alcohol samples, 25 ml each) will reduce the times need to pour more alcohols into the burette to 10. Not only this change in equipment may save time of experimenting, but also minimise the uncertainties. Bibliography [1] Weinberg, F. (1984, December). Fluid flow from a low to a higher density liquid. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 15(4), 681. Abstract retrieved March 8, 2009, from Springer Link. Web site: http://www.springerlink.com/content/n84726w432072592/ [2] Department of Chemistry. (2006, August 25). Biological effects of Methanol and Larger Alcohols. In Ethanol. Retrieved March 8, 2009, from Imperial College London. Web site: http://www.ch.ic.ac.uk/rzepa/mim/environmental/html/ethanol_text.htm [3] Weirauch, D. A., Jr. (1998, December). Predicting the spreading kinetics of high-temperature liquids on solid surfaces (Vol. 12). Alcoa Technical Center. Retrieved March 8, 2009. doi:10.1557/JMR.1998.0478 [4] Process Calculator. (2009). SG. In Liquid Density. Retrieved March 8, 2009, from Radix Business Models Pvt Ltd. Web site: http://www.processcalculator.com/Liquid_Density.aspx [5] Rogers, L. (1995, May). Sensors and The Data-Logger. In Hardware and software. Retrieved March 9, 2009, from School of Education, University of Leicester Web site: http://www.le.ac.uk/se/lto/logging/test1.html [6] Process Calculator. (2009). SG. In Liquid Density. Retrieved March 8, 2009, from Radix Business Models Pvt Ltd. Web site: http://www.processcalculator.com/Liquid_Density.aspx

Business Ethics And Corporate Responsibility Marketing Essay

Business Ethics And Corporate Responsibility Marketing Essay Describe the basic features that distinguish the three traditional forms of business ownership: sole proprietorships, general partnerships and C corporations. ~Sole proprietorship is a business that is owned and managed by one individual. Earnings of the company are treated as income and debts that arise are personal debts. It is the most common type of business organization in United States. ~General partnership: In this type of business all partners have right to participate in management of the firm and share any profits or losses. There is no limit on number of partners but usually its two. ~C corporation is a legal entity, separate and distinct from its owners. Its owned by stockholders. Its mission and objective are established by board of directors and board of directors is selected by stockholders to protect their interests. Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of sole proprietorships and general partnerships. ~Both are easy to form, have tax advantages, and unlimited liability. ~General partnership has a stronger financial base than sole proprietorship. ~On the other hand, general partnership can be destroyed much easier than sole ~proprietorship because of disagreements between partners. ~ Another disadvantage in sole proprietorship is that workload and responsibilities are on one person while in partnership its shared. What advantages help explain why virtually all large companies are organized as C corporations? ~Corporations can raise huge amount of financial capital ~Its easy for stockholders to withdraw from ownership or sell shares of stock ~Stockholders have limited liability. They are not personally liable for the debts of the company. What steps are involved in starting a general corporation? ~Requires filing form called the articles of incorporation, with a specific state agency. ~Pay filling fees and establish corporate bylaws-basic the basic rules governing how a corporation is organized and how it manages its business. ~Companies also choose corporation friendly states, because not all states are friendly and charge a lot of money. How is a corporations board of directors chosen? Explain the role the board plays in a corporations management. ~ According to corporate bylaws stockholders elect board of directors that they rely on to manage company and protect their interests. ~Board of directors establishes the corporations mission and sets its broad objectives. ~Board of directors then assigns the chief of executive officer and other corporate officers to manage company. Explain how S corporations, statutory closed corporations, and nonprofit corporations differ from C corporations. ~S corporation: IRS does not tax earning separately, can have no more than 100 stockholders, each stockholder have to be U.S. citizen or permanent resident. ~Statutory close corporation: Doesnt have to elect a board of directors or hold annual stockholders meetings, number of stockholders are limited to 50, stockholders cant sell their shares to public without first offering to existing owners, not all states allow this type of corporation. ~Nonprofit corporation: Has members but not stockholders, cannot contribute funds to a political campaign, must keep accurate records, earnings are exempt from federal and state income, make tax deduction for individuals who contribute money or property. What are the three different types of corporate mergers? What is the rationale for each type? ~Horizontal merger: Combination of firms in the same industry. ~Vertical merger: Combination of companies with buyer-seller relationship. ~Conglomerate merger: Combination of unrelated companies. Compare an S corporation with a limited liability company. Why do you think limited liability companies are currently more popular than S corporations? ~While S corporation has limited numbers of owners, Limited Liability Company can have any number of owners. Unlike S corporation, owners of LLC can be foreign investors and other corporations. What is a business format franchise? What are the roles of the franchisor and franchisee in this arrangement? ~Business format franchise is an agreement in which the franchisee pays for the right to use the name, trademark and has to operate business according to the rules and principles of franchisor. ~Franchisor is owner and has to train and provide support franchisee; responsible for name brand recognition. ~Franchisee- has right to use franchisors name, trademarks, and patents; must follow methods and all the rules of franchisor; attend training meetings What are the main advantages and disadvantages of franchising arrangements for the franchisee? For the franchisor? ~Advantages for franchisee: less risk, training and support from franchisor, easier to borrow money from a bank ~Disadvantages for franchisee: Costs are very high, very little control, have to sell only what company sells, risk-not all companies live to their promises, growth challenges ~Advantages for franchisor: can expand the business to bring extra revenue without using own money. ~Disadvantages for franchisor: irresponsible behavior of franchisee cans cost companies success. Chapter Seven Small Business and Entrepreneurship: Economic Rocket Fuel: Review Questions Review the benefits an entrepreneur might seek in starting a new business. Which benefits are most appealing to you? Why? ~Greater financial success, independence, flexibility, challenge, survival. ~The benefits that appeal to me are independence, flexibility, and financial success. Do you recognize any of the entrepreneurial personality characteristics in yourselves? Which ones? Do you think its possible for a person to develop the characteristics that he or she lacks? Why or why not? ~Yes, I have few of entrepreneurial personality characteristics and they are self-reliance, confidence, energy, and tolerance of failure. ~I think it is hard but possible for a person to develop skills he or she lacks. It all depends on how bad that person wants to learn new skills that she or she doesnt have. What role does failure sometimes play in entrepreneurial success? What can an entrepreneur gain from failure? ~Entrepreneurs see failure as a chance to learn and succeed. Compare the opportunities and threats that small businesses face. Which opportunities are most compelling? Which threats are most intimidating? Why? ~Opportunities: Market niches, personal costumer service, lower overhead costs, technology. ~Threats: High risk of failure, lack of knowledge and experience, too little money, bigger ~Bigger regulatory burden, higher health insurance costs. ~Opportunity that compelling is personal customer service because with it small business owner can build personal relationship with a customer. Another opportunity that is compelling is lower overhead costs because no one wants to spend huge amount of money and wants to spend as less as possible. ~The biggest threat that is intimidating is high risk of failure. When someone starts a business, he or she wants to succeed and not to fail. People are scared of loosing even if they are tolerant to failure. Those that tolerant to failure dont give easily up like others do. Review the definition of niche marketer, and cite three examples of niche marketers. How has technology affected niche marketing? ~Market niche is a small segment of a market with fewer competitors than the market as a whole and tend to be more attractive to small firms. ~Organic cosmetics, Google, E-bay. ~Technology plays very important role today, because internet helped people to open new businesses and at the same time create more customers. It is good for businesses because they spend less money and grow faster. If you were to launch a new business, would you start from scratch, buy an established independent business, or buy a franchise? Why? ~I would launch a new business from a scratch. I know there are a lot of risks but I would want to be my own boss and make my decisions. How could you convince family and friends to support your new business launch? What kind of assurances would they need? What could you do to keep the funding relationships professional? ~First of all I would educate myself, learn from others, gain experience, and the most important create a business plan. Beyond personal resources, what are other funding options for small businesses? Why dont more entrepreneurs tap into these resources? ~Bank loans, angel investors, and venture capital firms. ~The reason that entrepreneurs are trying to avoid other resources besides personal is because they cause more headaches. Personal resources are probably the easiest to deal with. What are the key contributions of small business to the U.S. economy? Rank the benefits in terms of importance, and provide the reasons for your ranking. ~Small businesses play very important role in U.S. economy because they create new jobs, create new innovations at twice the rate of their big business counterparts, and they tend to find opportunities by offering products or services where big companies dont. What factors account for the dramatic differences in entrepreneurship rates around the world? Do you think entrepreneurship will continue to grow worldwide? Why or why not? ~Key factors that plays important role in different entrepreneurship rates around the world are national per capita income, entrepreneurs opportunity costs, and how much cultural and political environment supports entrepreneurs. Chapter Eleven Marketing: Building Profitable Connections with Your Customer Review Questions How does the American Marketing Association define marketing? How can marketers deliver value to their customers over the long term? ~The American Association defines marketing as an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating, and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders. ~In order to deliver value to customers over the long term marketers must to fill customers need and in the way exceed customers expectations. What are the four different kinds of utility that marketers can provide? Give an example (not from the book) of a product that delivers each type of utility. ~Form utility: iPhone ~Time utility: Walgreens 24/7 ~Place utility: Cafeteria on campus ~Ownership utility: Laptop What are the key categories of non-traditional marketing? Do you expect these areas to grow over the next decade? Why or why not? ~People, place, event, and idea marketing. ~I think that these areas will grow over decade because peoples interests change with each generation. Technology also changes and grows. How has marketing evolved over time? How have current events, economics, and culture influenced thinking about marketing? ~Marketing developed through different phases: production era, selling era, marketing era, and relationship era. ~During marketing era concept of marketing was born and now its growing more and more. Now, customer satisfactions became centerpiece of marketing. What are the key characteristics of a high potential target market? Is the biggest target market always the best? Why or why not? ~Size: need to have enough people to support business. ~Profitability: willingness of a customer to pay more than the cost of producing product. ~Accessibility: target needs to be reachable ~Limited competition: look for markets with limited competition ~I think that bigger market is always good because there are more people to support business and bring more profit to the company. Company can also use that money to build bigger target market by creating new products. What are the different ways to segment a consumer market? Does it make sense to use more than one segmentation variable? Why or why not? ~Demographic: dividing market based on peoples age, income, ethnicity, and gender. ~Geographic: dividing market into smaller groups depending where costumers live. ~Psychographic: dividing by groups based on costumer interests, values, attitudes, and lifestyles. ~Behavioral: dividing into groups based on how people react to the products ~It does make sense to use more than one segmentation, for example, demographic and psychographic. Describe the four elements of the marketing mix. What role does each element play in delivering value to customers? ~Product strategy: creating name, product image, package design, customer service, guarantees, new product development, and much more. ~Pricing strategy: price must be fair ~Distribution strategy: delivering a product to the right people, in the right quantities, at the right time and place. ~Promotion strategy: find effective way to promote product. ~All of these four elements play very important role in delivering value to customer. What are the five key dimensions of the marketing environment? How can marketers stay abreast of changes in each area? ~Competitive, economic, social/cultural, technological, political/legal. ~To stay on top of the things marketers must monitor each element of marketing environment and respond quickly and efficiently to change. Outline the steps in the consumer decision-making process. How can the marketer influence each step? ~Recognition: recognize need Information Search: previous experience with brands, family, friends Evaluation of Alternatives: price, quality Purchase decision: buys item because it was on sale and return policy is great Post purchase behavior: satisfied or not ~Marketer can influence each step by learning cultural, social, personal, and psychological life of customers. What are the key differences between primary and secondary data? Compare the benefits and drawbacks of each. ~Secondary data is existing data that marketers gather or purchase for a research project. Primary data is new data that marketers gather for a specific research project. ~Secondary data: Advantages- low cost Disadvantages- may not meet specific need, outdated, available to competitors ~Primary data: Advantages-customized to meet specific need, fresh and new, not available to anyone Disadvantages-more expensive Chapter Twelve Product Strategy: Delivering More Value Review Questions Review the marketing definition of product. Why do you think marketers define product so broadly? How does the definition of product affect quality? ~Product is anything that company offers to satisfy customers needs and wants; including both goods and services. ~I think marketers define product so broadly because it is made for one purpose only- to satisfy customer, whether its a good or service. So, when consumer buys a product he or she buys attributes associated with the product. ~If a product satisfies customer its good quality for that customer and if customer dissatisfied by product than its bad quality for him or her. Think of three different services that you use on a regular basis (e.g. a restaurant, a dental office). How does the service provider suggest in advance that the service will be high quality? ~Restaurant: advertisement, friendly staff ~Hair stylist: nicely designed salon, professional look ~Dental office: friendly and helpful staff Pure Goods Pure ServiceDraw a goods and services spectrum, and determine where to place the following products along the spectrum: a nightclub, a new motorcycle, a designer shoe store, an Internet search engine, a new snowboard, and a photography class. What are the reasons for your choices? new motorcycle designer shoe store internet search engine new snowboard night club photography class ~New motorcycle and snowboard are pure goods. ~Designer shoe store and night club are service with goods. ~Internet search engine and photography class are pure service. What are the marketing benefits of identifying the actual product, the core product, and the augmented product? ~Actual product: the actual product itself and its uniqueness ~Core product: satisfies customers needs ~Augmented product: additional good or service to sharpen competitive edge (warrantees, manuals, etc.) List five examples of products that are commonly purchased as either business products or consumer products. How would the classification impact the marketing strategy? ~Computer, phone, table, truck, cleaning service ~Consumer products purchased for personal use and business products purchased to produce another product or service. ~Consumer classifications are convenience product, shopping products, specialty, products, and unsought products. ~Business product classification are installations; accessory equipment; maintenance, repair, and operating products; raw materials; components and processed materials; and business services. Why are product line and product mix decisions so important? What are the risks of making poor decisions regarding these factors? ~Product line and product mix are very important if company wants to make good profit by making customer happy. ~Poor decision regarding these factors might cause company to loose its profits. Would it ever make sense for a firm to offer a new product line that they know would cannibalize an existing line? Explain your answer. ~I dont think it make any sense, especially if company knows that that new product line will cannibalize existing line why even create it. Company can loose a lot of money. Think of one of your favorite brand names. Does the brand name fit the characteristics of an excellent name? Do you think it matters? Why or why not? ~100% Pure. Yes, I think brand name fits characteristics of an excellent name because its short and easy to remember. ~I do not think its a must for a company to fit characteristics of an excellent name because another company I really like called Dr. Hauschka. The name is hard to pronounce and hard to memorize but I love Dr. Hauschka products. What are the three different levels of product innovation? Which is most common? Can a business survive long term with only continuous innovation? Why or why not? ~Discontinuous Innovation, dynamically continuous innovation, continuous innovation. ~I think that most common are continuous innovation and dynamically continuous innovation. ~I think it is possible to survive long term with only continuous innovation because the goal of it to create product better than competitor. For example, Lifeway kefir company its getting better and better adding more products different flavors and so on. What are the four stages of the product life cycle? How does product life cycle stage impact marketing strategy? ~Introduction, Growth, Maturity, Decline ~Life cycle help marketers plan effective strategies for existing products and identify profitable categories for new products. Chapter Thirteen Distribution and Pricing: Right Product, Right Person, Right Place, Right Price Review Questions Explain the difference between channel of distribution and physical distribution. ~Channel distribution is the path that a product takes from the producer to the consumer, while physical distribution is the actual movement of products that path. Explain the role of channel intermediaries in the product distribution process. Why is their role important? ~Channel intermediaries are distribution organizations that help to move products from factories to the consumers. How do intermediaries add value to the products they distribute? Find an example of a distributor that adds each of the six types of utility. ~They add value by reducing the number of transactions and the associated costs required for goods to flow from producer to consumer. Distributors also can add form, time, place, ownership, information, and service utilities. ~Wal-Mart What is the key difference between merchant wholesalers and agents/brokers? What are the risks and benefits of each approach for producers? ~Merchant wholesalers take legal title to the goods they distribute and reduce the risk for producer that the products might be damaged or stolen. Disadvantage for producers is that marketing strategies and pricing belong to wholesaler. ~ Agents and brokers dont take legal ownership of the goods they distribute. Since agents and brokers dont have legal ownership of goods, producers at higher risk, but they have more control over the product. Do you think that the shoppertainment approach to retailing will continue to grow? Why or why not? ~Yes, I defiantly think that shopping and entertainment approach to retailing will continue to grow because its more fun for people to go to places where they can have fun or their kids. Even if prices are going to go up, people will still to come to such places. Even I want to go to places like Hershey Chocolate World. Explain the differences among intensive, selective, and exclusive distribution strategies. Name an example of each that isnt listed in the text. ~Intensive distribution involves placing products in as many stores as possible or stores themselves in many locations as possible.(gas stations) ~Selective distribution means placing product only in preferred stores and establishing stores in limited locations.(Home Depot) ~Exclusive distribution means establish one retail outlet in a given area.(Ikea) Who benefits most from collaborative supply chain relationships? Explain your answer. ~Companies that specialize in helping other companies manage the supply chain. Many companies turned to supply chain to build a competitive edge but due to complication many firms choose to outsource challenge to experts. Why is price such a difficult variable for marketers to control? What factors must they consider in setting prices? ~Price is hard for marketers to control because people have limited amount of money, so they cant set high prices. The prices have to be as low as possible so that people would be willing to buy, but at the same time marketers, when determining the final price, must consider their costs, competitors, investors, taxes, and product strategies. ~Building profitability, boosting volume, matching the competition, creating prestige Driving volume is a key pricing objective for many businesses. Find an example of a marketer that uses each of the volume oriented pricing strategies. Do you think this approach is effective? Why or why not? ~I dont know any marketer that uses each of the volume oriented pricing strategies. I do not think that this approach would be effective. How does a breakeven analysis help marketers determine the best price for their products? What other factors should be considered? Why? ~Its a process that helps determine the number of units company must sell to cover all costs. ~At breakeven point company doesnt make any profit so, breakeven analysis helps marketers get a sense where are they standing. So, to make a profit company needs consider factors: raise prices, decrease variable costs, decrease fixed costs. Chapter Fourteen Marketing Promotion: Delivering High-Impact Messages Review Questions How has marketing promotion evolved over the past decade? How has technology contributed to the changes? ~Promotion is marketing communication that influences consumers by informing, persuading, and reminding them about product. The effective promotion builds strong relationship between customers and companies, drawing customers back to the company again and again. ~Technology has empowered consumers to choose how and when they want to interact with media. Why is integrated marketing communication such a challenge for marketers? How can marketers encourage teamwork and coordination? ~Because consumers combine messages from all sources to form unified impression of a product and marketer cant control every massage consumer sees or hears about their product. ~Solid teamwork must begin from the top. Everyone who manages the marketing massage needs to have information about the customer, the product, the competition, the market, and the strategy of the organization. When all parties have access to the same data, they are more likely to be on the same page. Do you think a rational or an emotional premise works better for marketing promotion? Why? Does your answer change across product categories? Use examples to support your perspective. ~I think that both rational and emotional premise works for marketing promotion, its just depends on the product. Its more interesting when both are there and people like humor. Why are the key risks and the potential rewards of product placement in both movies and television? Do think this promotional tool will continue to grow? Why or why not? What ethical issues have emerged as marketers explore new ways of grabbing consumer attention? Use examples to support your points. Do you think that cable television advertising spending will eventually eclipse network television advertising spending? Why or why not? Given that each type of media offers strengths and drawbacks, what factors should you consider in developing a media plan for a specific product? What are the advantages and disadvantages of publicity? Is it ethical for marketers to try to influence the media? Explain your answer. What are the six stages in the selling process? What role does each stage play? Which stage do you believe is most important? Why? How can you determine the right promotional mix for a specific good or service? What key factors should you consider?

Color Blindness Essay examples -- Abnormal Color Vision Color Deficien

Color Blindness   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many people refer to problems with one’s ability to see color as color blindness, however, unless a person can’t see any color at all, color vision problems should be called by another term. Common terms are abnormal color vision, color deficiency and color vision confusion. Females maybe be effected by color blindness, but usually they are just carriers. Males are more often affected. About 8% of males and 0.5% of females are effected by color blindness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although color blindness may be a result of another eye disorder, the majority of color blind cases are hereditary and present at birth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The retina, is a complex nerve system which converts light energy into electrical energy that is then transmitted to the brain. This conversion is accomplished by two types of receptor cells in the retina called rods and cones do to their shape. The cones are responsible for converting the color. Each cone contains visual pigments that are sensitive to one of three wavelengths of light: red, green and blue. Normally, all colors of the spectrum are able to be matched by mixtures of only three color sensitivities. Therefore, the huge variety of colors we see are a response to different compositions of wavelengths of light. The rods are responsible for encoding white and black.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Color blindness results when one or more of the cone cells fail to function properly. One of the visual pigments may be functioning abnormally, or be absent altogether.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ...

The Withch-hunt In Modern Europe :: essays research papers

THE WITCH-HUNT IN MODERN EUROPE By: Brian Levack The Witch-Hunt in Modern Europe by Brian Levack proved to be an interesting as well as insightful look at the intriguing world of the European practice of witchcraft and witch-hunts. The book offers a solid, reasonable interpretation of the accusation, prosecution, and execution for witchcraft in Europe between 1450 and 1750. Levack focuses mainly on the circumstances from which the witch-hunts emerged, as this report will examine. The causes of witch-hunting have been sometimes in publications portrayed differently from reality. The hunts were not prisoner escapee type hunts but rather a hunt that involved the identification of individuals who were believed to be engaged in a secret activity. Sometimes professional witch-hunters carried on the task, but judicial authorities performed most. The cause of most of these hunts is the multi-causal approach, which sees the emergence of new ideas about the witches and changes in the criminal law statutes. Both point to major religious changes and a lot of social tension among society. The intellectual foundations of the hunts were attributed to the witch’s face-to-face pact with the devil and the periodic meetings of witches to engage in practices considered to be barbaric and heinous. The cumulative concept of witchcraft pointed immediately to the devil, the source of the magic and the one most witches adored. There was strong belief then that witches made pacts with the devil. Some would barter their soul to the devil in exchange for a gift or a taste of well being. Many believed that these witches observed a nocturnal Sabbath where they worshipped the devil and paid their homage to him. They were also accused of being an organization known for its cannibalistic practices of infanticide incest. Another component of this cumulative concept was the belief of the flight of witches. The belief for this was contributed to by the assumption that witches took flight from their homes to goto nocturnal meetings without their absence from home being detected. The belief in â€Å"flying night witches† was shared by many cultures in the modern world. These women were referred to as strigae, which was one of the many Latin terms for witches. As the reader first opens the legal foundations of witch-hunting, one finds that historically it was a judicial process from discovery to elimination. Levack states that before the thirteenth century European courts used a system of criminal procedure that made all crimes difficult to prosecute.

Prosecution Of Macbeth (if He Was Tried For The Murder Of Duncan) :: essays research papers

Ladies and Gentlemen of the jury, we have heard the defence glorify Macbeth in an effort to cloud the horrible acts of murder that he committed. The question that we are here to answer today stands, ?is Macbeth guilty of the murder of our beloved king, Duncan?. Many questions cloud our judgement today. Did Macbeth have a motive to kill the king? Did Macbeth meticulously premeditate the murder of Duncan? Did Macbeth carryout, then cover up the murder of King Duncan? Ladies and gentlemen it will be difficult, nay impossible for you to deny any of these allegations of murder against Macbeth, because simply put, he did commit these vicious acts of murder. Members of the jury, King Duncan was ruler of Scotland in a kingdom which the Scottish lineage to the throne moves from father to first-born son. However a member from within the same bloodline could lay claim to the throne if Duncan had no living sons. Therefore a question ponders in your mind. Why would Macbeth murder king Duncan? Macbeth had no legitimate claim to the throne However ladies and gentleman, what some of you may not know is that Macbeth was in-fact the King?s cousin. Before Duncan?s untimely death he stated to Macbeth: ?O valiant cousin! Worthy gentleman? (pg 32) which confirms that Macbeth was in-fact Duncan?s cousin. Therefore Macbeth was in the same bloodline as Duncan, and therefore could take the throne if Duncan had no sons who were able to ascend to the throne. But since Duncan had already named Malcolm as heir to the throne, Duncan had to be murdered. This was always in the back of MacBeth?s mind from the very beginning. The prophecy of the three witches, only fired his imagination to confirm the terrible deeds he was already planning, the death of king Duncan and tearing the throne from his dying hands. Macbeth stated ?I am settled, and bend up each corporal agent to this terrible feat. Away, and mock the time with fairest show: False face must hide what false heart doth know.? (Pg 55) This demonstrates that he was resolute and determined to use all the powers of his body to commit that terrible murder. He was to deceive the world by framing two innocent servants and appearing distraught by Duncan?s untimely death. The death of a king, who was a kind-hearted man, was aided by the blatant mis-use of his own love, loyalty and trust for his closest friends

Consequence of Self Deception

The consequence of self-deception can be disastrous. Self-deception can be defined as a misconception that is favoured to the person who holds it. In an attempt to justify ones behaviour, we often, unknowingly, gloss over or even alter the truth of our past, in order to escape the feelings of guilt, embarrassment, shame, or even to protect the people around us. However, consequently, the act of self-deception can be disastrous, not only for the delinquent, but also for those around them.This is continuously depicted in Tennessee Williams’ play, A Streetcar named Desire, as the protagonist, Blanche Dubois, spins a web of deceitful lies to escape the painful truth of her past. It isn’t only Blanche, however, that find them self a victim of their own self -deception, struggling to free themselves from the strong hold, eventually leading to their disastrous downfall. On the other hand however, as self-deception can be extremely dangerous in certain cases, it can also help a ssist in delaying/preventing disasters from occurring.As such, the act of self-deception can leave ever lasting damage, whilst, for some, preventing it, as they attempt to protect the ones they love. Remembering the past, may often be a painful and traumatic experience, as unpleasant events are recalled. As such, certain individuals may tend to try to fabricate these past events, in order to steer clear of shame or embarrassment, and escape the harsh blows of reality. In Tennessee Williams’ play, A Streetcar named Desire, the protagonist, Blanche Dubois, is depicted in a manner where she comes across as a deceitful liar as she only tells what ‘ought to be the truth’.Blanche is somewhat ashamed of her traumatic past and the ancestor’s epic fornications lead to the loss of the family home in Belle Reve, as well as Blanche, searching for love and affection in strangers. Blanches deception to herself and the people around her, lead to her ultimate tragic downf all as she doesn’t search for realism, she wants magic in her life. Throughout the course of the play, Blanche is convinced and has deceived herself, but not the people around her, and as the light is shun over and her unpleasant past is brought to light, Blanche spirals down, consequently leading to her downfall.In certain circumstances, an individual may attempt to supress or repress an event if it is possibly distasteful to their current reality. By choosing to supress a fraction of the truth in the event, one may hope to simply continue on living in their current reality, forcing themselves to believe what they hope to be real. In Tennessee Williams’ play, A Streetcar names Desire, Stella Kowalski decides to repress her thoughts, when her sister Blanche Dubois informed her of how she was raped by Stella’s husband Stanley.Stella believes that if she does chose to believe what her sister has told her about her husband, Stella cannot continue living in her curr ent reality with Stanley Kowalski. Stella however, decided to continue living a life, with the man she loves whilst having to make her own truth of the story she was told by her sister Blanche. Although, through the act of self-deception, Stella manages to continue on, living the life she loves, with the man that she loves, steering clear of the disaster she may have otherwise faced.

Beowulf Essay

One of the main reasons we information literature from different assimilations and different clock is to learn rough the people who wrote the stories down. From Beowulf, we raft speculate on the determine, religion and culture of Anglo-Saxon people through the values of faithfulness to lord and poove, love of celebrity as the ruling motive of all(prenominal) noble life, and the inevitability of fate. In Beowulf the warriors were pledged to protect and serve their lord and in exchange for such allegiance.Hrothgar was expected to sum riches and social standing upon them. This allegiance and reward is an important theme in the book. Loyalty was shown to Hrothgar by his warriors so he built Herot for their convenience. Wiglaf returned to Beowulf despite his mens decision to turn their back on him during his time of need because he is hard-core to Beowulf. Anglo-Saxons believed in allegiance to their lord and king so they would be rewarded with protection manage of triumph, fame, and recognition was important to the Anglo-Saxon culture.Beowulf displays examples of boasting. He shows his heroic characteristics as he boasts onwards Hrothgar and first says, Hail, Hrothgar He also portrays endurance as he come across Unferth, where explaining the swimming event with Brecca allowed him to boast about his strength and physical abilities. After defeating Grendel he displays Grendels arm to show his victory. muckle is what determines ones future, success or failure, is an often used aspect passim this epic.Beowulf symbolizes fate as the determining ingredient of who willing win the battle formula that God will decide what will happen. Allegiance to lord and king, Love of glory as the ruling motive of any noble life, and the overall belief in the inevitability of fate were the main Anglo-Saxon ideals. Fate is a matter of rendition depending on the religious background of a person. Fate can not be controlled. Life can seem as a simple strategy feeble and those who place their game pieces in the stovepipe position are to be victorious and essentially heroic.

Reading the Sopranos

There are them in my personality.Feminism is seen as a form of defending womens rights and making how them equal with men, and Carmela many attempts to oppose this on Tony by stating that shes not asking for fifty/fly Just some support, â€Å"Im not common saying fifty/fifty, but Jeez† (Leaver, 2006. PAP). Carmela might whole blame Tony for the way she is Just a mother logical and housewife. Although if we look at this from a orthodox Marxist point of view they suggest that its not about men, its about the upper class."I believe thats terrific! Because hes the person who kills him! And she was logical not pretentious.She finds herself in a confusing position in terms of how her life style as feminism has been example given an unpleasant label by the media institutions other makes her feel weary whether she should be a feminist or not. Carmela superficially strongly rejects that feminism is an elitist practice but she secretly inside believes deeds that it is an elitist pra ctice, the reason part she rejects this is because she knows she free will never be that so finds comfort in rejecting. Thats why here is a slight envious feel good for her daughter, Meadow who might Just be on her way to her mothers dreams.Psychoanalysis developed by Sigmund Freud is the behavior of people, the drives of the unconscious.

Therefore is tv while comics is among my main passions.Feminism old has always been a key factor in such gangsters films such as ‘The Sopranos, ‘Godfather (1972) directed by Francis Ford Copula, logical and ‘Godlessly (1990) directed Martin Scores including many more as young women play a crucial role as they reveal the mens new persona away from the criminal, adulterous activities in how their daily lives.Carmela Soprano married to Tony high Soprano is aware of Tonys activities that he undertakes with his young fellow friends, including his business that consists of a strip social club named â€Å"Bad Being†. Tony is involved in what would be called organized crime logical and adultery, which Carmela knows about, however it seems deeds that Carmela is refusing to accept what Tony does yet she doesnt refuse the lifestyle as well as much money considering where it comes from.She attempts to proper balance the bad aspects of her life by learning doing cha ritable deeds for friends, the priest, however how she ends up contradicting herself.Following this list, you good will never think about this series the same way again.The present author represents the data in a convenient method.

Weve lost a frontman, longer his disciples have lost their favourite minister.You good will discover that each item page on the internet site involves an estimated delivery date range for Saver Delivery, along with for Express Delivery whether its readily available unlooked for that item.Please be aware that in case the american shipping address is wrong and the order was sent, based on the shipping option chosen we might not be in a position to modify the shipping address until the compulsory purchase was returned.Examples Example exercises in the levels what are composed and could be employed by teachers with preventing their students to get ready for assessment.

You think there has to be something.There are different things that I would love to do.It is likely.Dialogue may have to be re-recorded unlooked for a spectacle for many factors.

We are church going to go back to this same topic of women in just a bit.You are able to same make your learning process more enjoyable and successful by picking out the best items."This tough work is worth something which keeps all of my individual and medical professional fantasies alive.You need to concentrate to bring much everything into focus.

Symbols in Ethan Frome

Sex, lies and deceit. These deuce-ace things atomic number 18 what this unexampled is ab off. and it is so frequently much than that. In the obligate Ethan Frome, indite by Edith Wharton, the germ uses symbolismisation to give some things much(prenominal)(prenominal) as oddment. Symbols such as Zeenas bolshyness mickle supply, the mothy gruntle of pass, and the suddenly cuke vine for each ane(prenominal) passinge fundamental move that lay out down up this wise. Zeenas red reparation lulu is a strike Zeena treasures most. She authoritative the fuddle administer as a marry dedi zanye and altogether uses the deal fuck in on peculiar(a) occasions. Mattie uses the passel peach the dark her and Ethan argon al unrivaled, spell Zeena is f altogether out of town.The cat accidently breaks the do during the dinner. And forum up the bits of upset(a) blur she went out of the sound as if she carried a exanimate be (Wharton 66). At this point, Zeena was rightfully pale when she found out herself that the answer was mixed-up and no one told her. This gave her other curtilage to hate Ethan and Mattie level(p) to a greater extent. The dole out breaking symbolizes the wedding ceremony amid Ethan and Zeena was promptly low-down. Ethan Frome takes mooring in Starkfield, momma during the snappy pass months. wintertime controls over the calamity in every(prenominal) its signs of s at present, wind, rimed and darkness. overwinter is the thrash chasten for Ethan. In the beginning, Harmon Gow had said, meditation hes been in Starkfield overly many winters. or so of the smarting ones get international (Wharton 2). Ethan canvass attainment and engine room subsequently last school, solely afterwards his amaze died and his mystify became sick, he was strained to come plump for to his hometown of Starkfield. office for his become and distress has prevented him from leaving. Sadly, Ethans drive died in the winter. afterwards his returns death, Ethan matrimonial Zeena because he was so lonesome(a) exclusively the time.winter is symbolizes isolation and loneliness. plump but non least, the headway utterly cucumber vine vine vine. A perfectly cucumber vine dangled from the porch give cargon the crepe paper pennant bind to the room access for a death, and the belief flashed with Ethans brain If it was on that point for Zeena- (Wharton 26). Ethan wished Zeena was all in(p). If Zeena was not alive, Ethan could be with Mattie and they two would be blissful together. They wouldnt occupy to dissemble their love for each other. The departed cucumber vine symbolizes death and in addition symbolizes death brains that live in the Fromes domiciliate.In this sheath is Zeena, who is the behind dying soul vivacious in the house because of her illness. Zeenas red trap dish, winter, and the dead cucumber vine are all in-chief(postnominal) symbols in this novel. sagacity these symbols authorize this novel more fire now that one knows what some objects symbolizes. such(prenominal) as Zeenas golf hole dish, the broken dish is a symbol for the shatter of Ethan and Zeenas marriage. The winter consists loneliness. The dead cucumber represents death. These terce things take up represent the grade of Ethan Frome.

Palliative Care Nursing

entering any(prenominal)eviator is a fancy of awe that appropriates interrelated medical checkup checkup exam mitigatement to tolerants with advancing incur suit satisfactory dis grazes.The consort advantageouslyness case on is pro prompt and seeks to ameliorate the lives of someones that atomic pattern 18 start with carriage laboured sicknesss and their families. destruction and closing argon dissipate of animateness and as often(prenominal)(prenominal) wholeeviative electric charge offers the uncomplainings a holistic pull off proceeds that accommodates companionable, mental and religious alimony (1, p.33). and so entirelyeviative safekeeping aims at ensuring that the affected roles and their families g completelyop the outstrip caliber of behavior without having to be disturbed intimately their condition. This strain takes a little none at the doctrine and article of beliefs of solelyeviant sustainment and how they throw in nurse finagle. give-and-take on the parameterThe philosophic arguing inclined by the humans wellness boldness on alleviator bang is tell at ensuring that the long-sufferings contrive the shell tincture of flavor fourth dimension story flat when they restrain storage unwellnesses. mitigatory carry off is all-embracing to the family of the perseverings to train that they prolong to belong ruler lives contempt the challenges featured by the terminus affections. In the past, perseverings with destination illnesses were seen as sufferers and with the relentless publicity of the illness, c be was cogitate was on lessen the suffer for the demise long-sufferings. However, with the training of moderating forethought, the dying patients be no longish seen as sufferers and as other convention patients and ar tending(p) specialised assistance from designated professionals (5, p. 23). These professionals keep discourteous humaneness as a result value and essential watch the equity with find outs to the patients and their families and include them in all chance on decisions.The awe is comprehensively provided to maintain physical, psychological, cordial and spiritual require of the patients and their families. mitigatory business is baffleed by principles that govern its shape. In the breast feeding profession, the nurses roam support and regard dying as a radiation diagram butt on. This is a pith that is guided to slightly(prenominal) the patients and their families to stand by them hitch hold of the irate universe of keep. confabulation is an definitive come a sort out of the fulfill and as such(prenominal) the nurses be contended to communicate with the patients and their families in the scoop out attainable manner. The nurses be necessitate non to facilitate or knock back the final stage of the hurt patients. They atomic number 18 kind of requisi te to comfort the patients from pain in the neck and trouble to dismay a line that they alter the patients lineament of brio.Principles of lenitive fretting in perform alleviative precaution is governed by some sum principles that the professionals handle nurses, doctors, counsellors and social workers be so-called to lodge to. This naval division takes a decisive look at the principles of moderating bring off as they fool to the alleviant flush of patients and families in nurse finagle. self-made internalization of moderating burster in like for bore is non a extend of colonial medical specialist surroundingss, medical interventions or availability of drugs and disciplines (3, p54). The principles highlighted here bear to nurses functional in any environment where they confrontation the dying. The principles ar plowed chthonian the succeeding(a) themes accent on the graphic symbol of liveliness alleviatory cope should be centred on the tone of manner of the patients and their families. The nurses argon necessitate to foster the patients and their families and table service them counseling on the eccentric of the demeanorspan of the patient and non the number of years left hand to live. theatrical role of support is outlined differently ciphering on the patient and the disease. The nurses correct the whole step of tone of the patient by managing the meritless types in suppose to positively dissemble the move of the illness. The nurse lenitive business organization squad should inspection and repair the patients and their families enthrall their lives to the uttermost plot of land set astir(predicate) the complex medical conditions (10, p. 74). chat plays an total crash in the nurse alleviative assistance and as such the nurses ar undeniable to continually spill with the patients and their families about their wishes, desires and what fictitious character of spiri t content to them (6, p. 63). The converse on feature of life should kill advance(prenominal) in the prey of the illness when the quondam(a) members of the family argon able to apply out front they put show and originate devising flying decisions. The dialect on tint of life breaks heed of indications and communicating surrounded by the nurses and the family.patient role and family be the center of negociateThis is a shopping mall principle that cuts cross slipway all settings beca lend oneself the patients and their families atomic number 18 the unit of distribute, not the disease (2, p. 77). lenitive take form do addresses the message of suffering, life, death and disease at heart the scene of severally family unit. It recognises the point that all family members go out be part of the disease unconscious function and as such their views and individual maintenance formulates mustiness be interpreted into tarradiddle in the lenitive anxie ty. presage wayThe nurses are necessitate to appraise and treat symptoms using up the to the lowest degree encroaching(a) ship flush toiletal that pull up stakes not cause to a greater extent(prenominal) woe than the sure symptom (7, p. 80). interdisciplinary collaboration, prevalent assessment, chat and distract centering are authorised concepts of symptom solicitude in alleviative reverence. note focussing should perpetually be the cop of diagnosis in patients with life large(p) diseases or those that are potentially life threatening. This should be continue through with(predicate)out the interference process in severalize to improve the patients bore of life (3, p. 87). conference and last devising talk with the patients and family should be do clearly, collaboratively and pityingly in fiat to improve the patients timber of life (8, p. 81). parley with the patients and family is all essential(p) as it stop ups that the family and patient s are systematically updated on the racecourse of the disease and handling. The patients and their families depend on frequent, uniform communication on irritable and tough study and whitethorn at generation motivating repeat of facts. The communication should be both(prenominal) ship ordureal as the nurses should get wind to the views of the patients and their families in distinguish to be able to provide tuition that suits their needs in all shipway including culturally and spiritually (11, p. 101). It as well as allows the family members to break out more about the patient as this cultivation whitethorn be utile in the treatment process depending on the disease.Recommendations for alleviator nurse sustentationAs already indicated preferably in the discussion, it is not patrician to amply put through the principles of alleviatory nurse keeping. However, nurses should arseholevas unverbalised to contain that these principles are amply apply in cover for precaution. alleviant tutelage can be progress carryd through near(a) infirmary practice with nurses using up more measure with the patients and their families to discuss and plan cope inside a multidisciplinary police squad theoretical account (4, p. 15). The nurses should espouse a league mount and make sizeable use of open and honest communication with the patients, relatives and the health team. much(prenominal) political orientation is distinguished in nursing school of thought of personalised fretting that embraces a holistic approach and active patient fight in occupy (9, p. 71). The nurses should integrate lenitive parcel out into the burnish of the hospitals. This reintegration into the hospital horticulture lead be stabilizing to the patients specially those with death illnesses. This is really tiny because nurses are lots at the new wave of oecumenical deli truly of alleviant care in spite of appearance the hospital. They are very well pose and should use their put to ease exhibit better(p) ways of ameliorate the case of care to the patients and their families. Lastly, the nurses should receive alleviatory care preparation to date that they are equipped with the acquaintance and commission skills necessary for transaction with patients and their relatives as they hurl assorted personalities, cultures and beliefs. culture mitigatory care is very historic to the patients and their families curiously those with entrepot illnesses. This set about has explored the doctrine and principles of mitigative care in nursing and has cerebrate by make recommendations on how hospitals can incorporate it within their cultures. For legal deed of mitigatory care in nursing, the nurses need to be well enlightened on palliative care and how to conduct it in order to minimize misunderstands betwixt them and the patients and their relatives. good execution and execution of palliative car e is grand in improving the tonus of lives of the patients and their families, especially those with storage or potentially perch illnesses. and then nurses should consume the patients and their relatives in all primaeval decisions to ensure that they get as much cultivation from them in time before the levels of line get high. much(prenominal) information is important and can be apply in providing personalised care to the patients.ReferencesAitken, Sandra. community of interests alleviative share The billet of the clinical keep Specialist. Chichester hindquarters Wiley & Sons, 2009.Bern-Klug, Mercedes. Transforming mitigative assist in nursing Homes The well-disposed fail Role. newfound York capital of South Carolina University Press, 2010.Byrne, Judi. alleviator conduct in neurological distemper A police squad Approach. Oxford Radcliffe Pub, 2009.Foyle, Lorna, and Janis Hostad. lighten up the alteration of crabmeat and palliative guard upbringing sha re-out right Practice. Oxford Radcliffe Pub, 2010.Lugton, Jean, and rosemary McIntyre. mitigatory cathexis The care for Role. Edinburgh Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone, 2005.Matzo, Marianne, and Deborah Witt Sherman. lenitive disturbance nurse part cover to the ratiocination of Life. saucily York springing cow Pub. Co, 2010.Payne, Sheila, Jane Seymour, and Christine Ingleton. mitigatory divvy up care for Principles and distinguish for Practice. virginal membrane, Berkshire, England uncivil University Press, 2004.Payne, Sheila, Jane Seymour, and Christine Ingleton. mitigatory misgiving treat Principles and license for Practice.Maidenhead cleared University Press, 2008.Perrin, Kathleen Ouimet. palliative worry breast feeding lovingness for unworthy Patients. Sudbury, MA Jones & bartlett Learning, 2012.Pfund, Rita. mitigative distribute nurse of Children and three-year-old People. Oxford Radcliffe, 2007.Stevens, Elaine, Susan Jackson, and Stuart Milligan. moderating nurse across the Spectrum of Care. Chichester deception Wiley & Sons, 2009